anomic mining
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Venezuela’s Mining Opening: Mineral Wealth, New Law, and the Three Tests of Viability
Venezuela has mineral wealth, a new mining law and renewed strategic relevance. But its real mining question is whether territory, governance, energy and infrastructure can convert mineral endowment into formal, traceable and durable supply.
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Anomic Mining: Why Illegal Mining Is Not Always the Full Diagnosis
Anomic Mining describes the moment when illegal mining stops being only an activity outside the law and begins to reveal a deeper institutional condition, a territory where legality remains formally present, but no longer organises extraction, protects formal actors, sustains traceability, or governs mineral flows with credibility.